Beverly lowry essays

Beverly lowry essays Beverly Lowry, Her Dream of Dreams: The Rise and Triumph of Madam C. J. Walker, [New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2003], 481pp. Beverly Lowry, the author of Her Dream of Dreams, grew up in Greenville, Mississippi, but was born in Memphis, Tennessee on August 10, 1938. Lowry is the author of six novels and two nonfiction books. Lowry is also the director of the Creative Nonfiction Program at George Mason University. She currently resides in Washington, D.C. Beverly Lowry became interested in Madam C.J. Walkers story when she considered doing a novel authorized by the estate of Alex Haley. Lowry purpose for writing the book on Walker was to filter out Walkers thinly documented story and frame it into the roiling race relations of her day. The theme of this book is the life of Madam C.J. Walker. It discusses her road to success in becoming one of the first women of any race to be a millionaire. The historical period the book relates to is the Age of Progressivism. Born Sarah Breedlove on December 10, 1867, Madam C.J. Walker grew up the child of freed slaves, Owen and Minverva Breedlove, on a plantation in Delta, Louisiana. Walker lost her parents at the age of seven, and married for the first time at the age of fourteen. At the age of seventeen, Walker had her first and only child, Lelia. By the age of twenty she was a widow, but married twice again, the last being Charles Joseph Walker. Breedlove went on to adopt his name in 1906, later adding the title Madam, which was custom for woman in business. Wanting a better life for her daughter, as well as, herself, Madam C.J. Walker moved to St. Louis and continued work in the laundry business. With the money she made, she sent Lelia to school to get that education she never received. After working for eighteen years she got to see her daughter graduate from high school and go to college. Madam Walker claim to fortune, was prompted by Walkers hair fall...

Race in Luthers World essays

Race in Luthers World essays In Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From a Birmingham Jail He rationalizes and defends the fact that he is doing the right thing by being arrested and being throw in jail. However, to understand Kings letter you must read the letter from eight prominent clergymen. In it these men tell King that he is wrong by protesting the treatment of African Americans. In Kings response to this on several occasions he takes what they said in their letter and turns it around on them; such as when the clergymen tell King that he shouldnt travel to other places to stir up trouble. However, as King points out he was asked to be there and has ties through an organization to those in Birmingham. Secondly, uses the religion that him and the clergymen share as a way to back up his position. One instance he does this is when he points out that Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, peacefully refused to comply with the law just as King and others have been doing. Throughout this letter King refers to the clergymen s calls to wait and let things improve with time. However, as King points out, This wait is almost always meant never because for generations they have been told to wait and so far it hasnt helped. Finally, through the entire letter King remains calm and hardly ever uses a harsh word when conveying his opinions. It is almost to a fault that he remains polite; I think that this is purposeful by King and he does this to prove a point. It seems that this calm is exactly what is required for Kings plan of peaceful resistance is to work. For this form of resistance to function people must not get out of control and lose their heads. If that happens it gives the authorities exactly the excuses they need. Therefore, in a way King is showing just how he is going to work to bring about a reform in civil rights. ...

Driving change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Driving change - Assignment Example Merchandise factors entails stocking the merchandise that appeals to retail shoppers and locating it in strategic areas for customer access. Effective merchandising has the potential of matching demand and supply, thus reducing unnecessary inventory, while ensuring that customers get the products they want when they need them (Krafft & Mantrala, 2010). Pricing is an important driver for change because it determines the revenue of a retail store, while influencing customers’ perceptions of quality. Wal-Mart has been on the forefront in implementing low-cost leadership strategy in its management and operations, with the goal of managing price for competitive advantage (Krafft & Mantrala, 2010). Supply chain management is another key driver for change in the retail industry because it has the potential of increasing customer value. Management of the supply chain system reduces inventory costs, while generating value for the retail customers, thus improving competitiveness of a st ore. Wal-Mart has been on the forefront in streamlining its supply chain thus enabling it to respond to customer demands in a timely manner. Finally, technology is another driver for change, where Wal-Mart has been on the forefront in implementing technologies such as radio frequency identification and CRM. The impact of these factors includes increased competition, shrinking market share and profit margins, and increased consolidation of retail stores (Krafft & Mantrala, 2010). To address these challenges, Wal-Mart has been selective in its growth strategies. However, there need for Wal-Mart to focus on retail innovation, creating centers for excellence and customer value and implementing cost control and management strategies. Wal-Mart may also focus on emerging markets such as China and India where consumers are prices

Managing Strategically in The Public services Essay

Managing Strategically in The Public services - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the traditional model of administration was criticized earlier for its inward focus and short-term perspective. Both of these shortcomings have altered with the advent of public management, and the public sector now shows more concern with longer-term strategy than ever before. The strategic perspective considers the organization in its external environment; it aims to specify clear goals and objectives; it attempts to move away from routine management tasks to consider, in a systematic way, longer-term considerations of the very future of the organization. The strategy addresses ‘a crucial concern; positioning the organization to face an increasingly uncertain future. The traditional model missed out on the longer-term perspective and, by being preoccupied with process, often forgot there was a larger purpose, an overall goal, for any public organization. Using strategic concepts in the public sector is one way to address these shortcomings. Applications of strategy in the private sector are obvious enough, with considerable advantages resulting from looking a the long term and the external environment, rather than always considering more immediate internal problems. Normal management processes may be adequate for ordinary operations but it is also necessary, from time to time too, reassess the fundamental reason why the organizations exist, what it is trying to do and where it is going.... Strategic planning in the public sector is a phenomenon of gthe early 1980s, significantly later than its development in the private sector. Strategic management was also adopted but again followed the private sector with a gap of some years (Hughes 136) However strategic planning and strategic management are private sector concepts and it cannot be taken for granted that the ideas will work in the public sector. There are more problems and constraints compared to the private sector . Nutt and Backoff argue that strategic managers in the public sector 'should be wary of using private sector approaches that assume clear goals, profit or economic purposes, unlimited authority to act, secret development, limited responsibility for actions, and oversight through market mechanisms that signal financial results' and in public organisations 'many of these assumptions are not valid' in Hughes p136 Bozeman and Straussman argue that there are three major features of a strategic approach: defining goals and objectives, developingan action plan that meditates between the organisatin and the environment and designing effective methods of implementation'. (1990 in Hughes 137) The Bryson model (1988) is a strategic planning model derived from the private sector, but with some variations to allow for the public sector context: initiating and agreeing on a strategic planning process identifying organisations mandates clarifying organisation mission and values assessing the external environment (opportunities and threats) Assessing the internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) Identifying the strategic issues facing an organisation Formulating strategies to manage the issues; and Establishing an effective organisation visionf or the future In Hughes 138 The next

Have people become overly dependent on technology Essay

Have people become overly dependent on technology - Essay Example Body Paragraph 1: Human beings are dependent on technology for entertainment. 97% of the surveyed population stated that they prefer playing video games and they play these games on a continuous basis (Lee, 2010, p.60). Paragraph 2: Organization’s pursuit for excellence, effectiveness and efficiency has led to the replacement of human labor with robotic labor. Drones are used to conduct surveillance and attacks. Paragraph 3: Technology has even influenced and become a major part of the society’s educational sphere. Presidents of 77% of the colleges surveyed state that their college is now providing online courses (Parker, 2011). Paragraph 4: Technology is used by human beings to socialize. Use of Face book and mobile phones has replaced face to face communication. Paragraph 5: Counter Arguments Conclusion Dependency on Technology Introduction Technology is recognized as a monster and even as a prophet. Individuals today have become so addicted to technology that they sp end several hours of their life on computers, just clicking the mouse for the entire day. Similarly, there are those who simply sit on their beds or any other comfortable place and continue to burn their thumbs while texting to different friends at the same time or alternatively. All they do is share and talk about things that might not be of any importance to both the text sender and the receiver. There are even events when individuals tend to spend limitless days in their room without being concerned about the outside world and their work. Such people even tend to experience anger if for even a minute second their internet connection breaks down and they are not able to be online. Technology has become a part and parcel of every individual’s life, technology has become a part of education, business as well as entertainment and this has resulted in heavy dependency of individuals over technology. It is commonly believed that with the assistance of technology life has become quite easy, but the truth is that technology has made society heavily dependent on it and Technology has become a part of different aspects of society including: entertainment, employment, Education and socialization. Body One of the major negative impacts of technology is that the current generation especially the teenagers and young adults have become very lazy as compared to previous generations. Several examples of such events can be seen in the everyday life of the individuals living in the society. For example: previously children use to go to different grounds and sporting events to gain entertainment and play different outdoor games. Now children have changed this preference and they spend huge amount of time playing games at home with the assistance of the computers, PSPs and PlayStations. According to a research conducted by PEW on 1,102 individuals who aged between twelve and seventeen, 97% of the surveyed population stated that they prefer playing video games and they pl ay these games on a continuous basis and around 50% of these respondents even stated that they had played such games the day before the survey was conducted (Lee, 2010, p.60). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention have figured out that during the period of 1980 there were a total of 7% obese children in US and twenty eight years later, the number of obese children elevated to 20% (Theoharis, 2012, p.191). This strongly shows that

The Nature Of Biomedical Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

The Nature Of Biomedical Waste Environmental Sciences Essay Biomedical waste is that waste which is generated by the diagnosis and treatment of human beings or animals or by the medical research activities conducted or during the production of medical equipment. Biomedical waste can be hazardous and infectious by nature. So it needs to be handled properly to ensure it doesnt deteriorate peoples health when its discarded. Any inadequacy in the management of biomedical waste can result in the following issues: The waste can become a breeding ground for flies Can result in high risk of infections to medical staff Increased hazardous risk for the person handling the chemicals and other waste including the sharps Poor infection control can also lead to spread of infections to patients from the medical centres If such waste is reused, it can result in diseases like cholera, plague, tuberculosis, AIDS etc. Also, studies have shown that one-third of the total waste generated in the medical establishment is hazardous and toxic in nature. Since the mismanagement of biomedical waste can be dangerous to the public, the government (Ministry of Environment and Forests) has provided uniform guidelines and code of practice for the whole nation regarding the management handling of biomedical waste in the Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,1998. Methodology: For this project, I visited the medical centre in Symbiosis Viman Nagar Campus (SVC) for information and interviewed the doctor in charge of the centre Dr. Kiran Mahajan. Though he stated that the medical centre of SVC was not performing advanced medical treatments and thus the composition of their centres biomedical waste would differ a lot from that of a hospital, still he had the knowledge of the waste generated in hospitals and how is it managed. So we could rely on his information. So the most important source of information for this project was the interview with Dr. Kiran Mahajan and secondly, I also looked up the internet for some additional information and facts to enrich my knowledge about biomedical waste. Some of the important questions I asked Dr. Kiran Mahajan were: Q- What are the items included in (or composition of) biomedical waste? Q- How can it become dangerous if not managed well? Q- What is the process of managing biomedical waste? Q- Is this process different from the management of other waste? Q- What is the present condition of biomedical waste management in the medical institutions? Q- Can you find out any inefficiencies in the waste management process? Q- Can you quantify the amount of biomedical waste generated? Q- How is the generated waste treated/disposed off? Findings: I was enlightened with the following information by Dr. Kiran Mahajan and the internet. First of all, biomedical waste includes: Human anatomical waste (tissues, organs, body parts etc.) Animal waste (as above, generated during research/experimentation, from veterinary hospitals etc.) Microbiology and biotechnology waste, such as, laboratory cultures, micro-organisms Human and animal cell cultures, toxins etc. Waste sharps, such as, hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpels, broken glass etc. Discarded medicines Soiled waste, such as dressing, bandages, material contaminated with blood etc. Solid waste (disposable items like tubes, catheters etc. excluding sharps), Liquid waste generated from any of the infected areas, Incineration ash, Chemical waste. The management issues in bio-medical waste handling are: Reduction of waste generation Segregation of waste at the place of its generation Transportation of the waste Handling of the waste Proper disposal Stages of biomedical waste management: Stage 1: Waste generation and storage: Here the waste generated is segregated at the place of its generation and the toxic and hazardous waste is kept in a separate container which is labelled for its easy identification. Each type of waste generated is kept separately and labelled which further helps in its transportation and handling. According to the rules of the government, untreated waste shouldnt be stored beyond a point of 48 hours. Suggestions for segregation and storages of waste in separate containers: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The container must be strong enough to be able to handle the pre-determined maximum capacity of waste without any damage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It shouldnt have any leakages. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The containers should be covered when idle. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The sharps must be stored in puncture proof containers after being mutilated. After a bag or container is sealed, a label of the name of the component should be attached to it. Stage 2: Transportation: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ While collecting waste from the medical establishments, it should be ensured that the waste is properly collected without any leakages and ambiguity in its nature. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Attempts can be made to provide a separate corridor for transfer of waste from the storage area to its transport area (It can be ensured that this path is not used for mobility of the patients and visitors). Stage 3: Waste treatment and disposal: The various ways for treatment and disposal of waste are: Incineration: Its the practice of using thermal energy to convert the waste into inert materials and gases. This process has been recommended for human anatomical waste, animal waste, discarded medicines. Autoclave treatment: It is a process in which the waste material is brought in contact with steam for a time period which is sufficient to disinfect the waste material. It is recommended for biotechnology waste, waste sharps. Microwave treatment: It is again a wet thermal disinfection technology but unlike others (which heat the waste externally), microwave heats the target material inside out providing a high level of disinfection. Chemical disinfecting: It involves the use of chemicals like hypochlorite solution to disinfect the waste. It is recommended for waste sharps, solid, liquid as well as chemical wastes. Sanitary and secured landfilling: It is required in the following circumstances: Deep burial of human anatomical waste when a proper facility of incineration is not available. (Sanitary landfill) Animal waste. (Sanitary landfill) Disposal of autoclaved, microwaved waste. (Sanitary landfill) Disposal of incineration ash. (Sanitary landfill) Disposal of bio-medical waste till such time when proper treatment and disposal facility is in place. (Secured landfill) Disposal of sharps. (Secured landfill) General waste: The other non-toxic and non-hazardous waste can be taken care of by the following ways: Composting of green waste Recycling of packaging material Problems/inefficiencies being faced in the field: Some of the problems/inefficiencies being encountered in the management of biomedical waste are: Till now, it has been observed that the statistics presented in the government by the Ministry of environment and forests about the quantity of biomedical waste are often not true/accurate.* (See references for source) The Ministry of environment and forests claims that India treats more than 70% of the biomedical waste it generates (which can be misleading if the statistics are wrong as mentioned above). Another problem being faced is the improper disposal of this waste i.e. even though the correct method is being followed; the method is not being implemented properly. For. E.g. the incineration of waste is observed to be done at 400 C which is to be done at 1000 C resulting in release of poisonous gases.

The Era of Social Reform Essay examples -- Sociology

The Industrial Revolution was a period of in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, factories, mining, transportation, machinery, economic policies, and in the social structure of England. Industrialization began in Great Britain and it was a major turning point in history. It changed the way countries produced its goods. England turned into an agricultural society to an industry and manufacturing society. During this era, there was a huge impact on the growth of cities, employment of skilled and unskilled workers, the role of women and families, and laws and national policies. During this time, there was a great advancement with technology and along with it came the growth of cities. The growth of cities has been seen as a consequence in the Industrial Revolution. Before this era, many people lived in farms or small villages working in agriculture. They would do everything by hand. However, with the occurrence of the Revolution everything changed. The new enclosure laws, which allowed farmers and landlords to fence their fields at the owner’s expense, had left many poor farmers bankrupt and small farms disappeared into large estates. Charles â€Å"Turnip† Townshend introduced crop rotations that restored nutrients to the soil, allowing for greater yield and scientific breeding to improve the quality of herds. The result was an increase in productivity with fewer agricultural workers (Robert Edgar Pg.535). This caused more people to leave the farms to work in the factories. Also, the introduction of new machinery that produced gre ater amount of output made many workers redundant. As a result, many people that lived in farms journeyed to the city to look for work. This required them to move to towns and cities ... ...empts by Parliament to pass laws and national policies designed to improve working conditions and regulations relative to children and women in the workforce. The changes from the revolution left a permanent mark and are very important to society today. Works Cited Bland, Celia. The Mechanical Age: The Industrial Revolution in England. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1995. Print. Lines, Clifford John. Companion to the Industrial Revolution. Ed. Barrie Stuart. Trinder. New York: Facts on File, 1990. Print. Edgar, Robert R., Neil J. Hackett, George F. Jewsbury, Barbara Molony, and Matthew S. Gordon. Civilizations past & Present. 12th ed. Vol. 2. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2008. Print. "Thomas Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)." Thomas Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population (1798). Constituion Society, 10 Sept. 2002. Web. 28 May 2012.

Democracy or Dictatorship

It is very unfortunate that after 63 years of creation of Pakistan added to the 200 years of struggle against foreign intruders, we are still debating over Democracy and Dictatorship is Pakistan. We were able to get an independent state but failed to give freedom, equality, tolerance, social justice and democracy to its people. Iqbal’s Pakistan was never achieved; we got Jinnah’s Pakistan but lost part of it in 1971. It’s up to us whether we blame it on failed democracy or thriving dictatorship; but truth is that we lost the identity of largest country achieved for Muslim minority of Indian subcontinent. Going through the pages of political history of Pakistan; rather take out just a moment of your time to remember the names of all the â€Å"Democratic Premiers† and all the â€Å"Democratic Presidents† who ruled us over the period of time. I am emphasizing on â€Å"Democratic† because we have seen dictators also produced their own presidents and ministers; I bet you can’t remember them, at least I can’t. On contrary if we start naming dictators; not only names, their time of rule, their duration of rule, even we can write books on their personal lives; why is that? It is not criticism on our general knowledge, rather it is the reminder sad truth we have been living all our lives. I can talk on behalf of today’s generation, the first news we ever heard about politics was the 1999 military coup over democratic government. And then we spent our age of growth and learning under military rule. The other day I was discussing with my father and he told me that when he was in school, Ayub Khan ruled Pakistan; at his professional age Zia-ul-Haq ruled our country and when they got more senior Musharaf came. Just look at history of all the major events or major achievements we ever got were at the time of dictatorship. Don’t think that I am in favour of Dictatorship †¦ no †¦ never ever ever †¦ its not possible; my mind refuses to accept the basic and fundamental concept of dictatorship. How can a country like Pakistan, with its population of more than 18 crore, where more than 70 languages are spoken, where people belonging from various religions, cast and nations be ruled by ONE person with its whole sole powers. Experience has shown that in a working democracy mistakes can eventually be corrected before the society breaks down. The history of dictatorships on the other hand shows that they end all in violent and bloody mess. We have seen in Tunis, in Egypt and now witnessing in Libya. Dictatorship is not made for Pakistan. But the Pakistan’s most successful 5 year plan of 1960-1965 was during time of military dictator Ayub Khan. This plan earned Pakistan 200% profit and it was copied by countries like South Korea. USSR lost its respect as super power at the time military dictator Zia-ul-Haq, that’s separate debate what we got in return but we did it. So-called freedom of press was awarded in another military dictator’s time i. e: Pervaiz Musharaf. On contrary democratic governments failed to give us any constitution for 9 years after creation of Pakistan, we got but it was brutally torn apart many times. Democratic government played with it by making silly amendments. It was during democracy when we lost East Pakistan in 1971. It was democratic government who ordered police to open fire on protestors rallying against electoral fraud of 1977. Army action was taken place in Balochistan during democratic government and city of lights had blood bath because of so-called democratic government claiming to be representing majority. And now during democratic time we are still arguing whether Pakistan needs democracy or dictatorship. So this means, something is wrong and has always been wrong which made Pakistan to see the times in which we are living today. May be we never really understood the meaning of democracy. Seems like just completing your count to show majority is democracy, it’s just a number game for us to have the might of majority; whoever they may be and whatever they do. The objective resolution is 1949 states that Pakistan is a sovereign independent state â€Å"Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice as enunciated by Islam shall be fully observed†, the classic example of Dasti with fake degree and winning election confirm the democracy as number game. My point is we got the democracy but we were not able to create any democratic system in which democracy flourishes and don’t remain mere number game. What about an example to make it more understandable. A murderer kills someone and was then caught by lets say 20 men. Voting was held to decide the fate of the killer, 15 among 20 votes in favour to hang him and 5 opposes the decision. If democracy is just game of numbers to favour majority then according to this definition of democracy he will be hanged. On contrary if democracy is a system to govern the country where principles of freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice prevails, the murderer can claim it rights and ask the Judicial system, part of democratic system to prosecute him and decide his fate. Let me put forward to you what I believe real democracy is and what it requires to flourish. Concept of democracy existed in 508 B. C with Greeks, but there has been no final definition on which political science students agreed. That’s why we see many different kind of democratic systems with its own way of selections came over the period of time; famous being presidential democracy and parliamentary democracy, wikipedia can list other for you if interested. But there has been points, some basic structures and some basic requirements everyone have agreed upon; the most important being â€Å"Separation of Powers†. The state is divided into branches, each with its separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no one branch has more power than the other branches. The normal division of branches is †¢ Executive †¢ Legislature †¢ Judiciary. In parliamentary democracy like Pakistan the responsibilities of executive is done by Prime Minister along with his cabinet, legislation is done by Parliament with its two houses of National Assembly and Senate whereas Judiciary is definitely a complete system of its own. In Presidential form of democracy the executive is President with his whole power, legislature is Congress and judiciary is judicial system. But we can see in Pakistan cabinet with its large number and corruption, parliament with its fake degrees and suppression of judiciary over the years destroyed and derailed democracy from time to time. Which confirms that whole bunch of other systems has to be defined to ensure proper governance with its real democratic system. I want to put forward the components, rather sub-systems of any democracy but first there are some other basic points of on which different studies have agreed upon. The real democratic system should ensure Shared Respect and Shared Power within its citizens. †¢ Shared Respect Because we all are human and contribute to the society, we should be respecting each other point of view with tolerance and treat everyone equally. Everyone should be given fair chance to learn and develop some skills in order to be useful for the society. And we should all be recognising each other rights irrespective of profession, cast, creed or religion. Thus shared respect ensures thriving democracy. Shared Power A working democratic system ensures shared power between its citizens representing different group of societies. Students unions, factory labour unions, farmer unions and many others represent their respective community thus playing important is democracy of the country. Every citizen voluntarily votes for election of its representative without interference, thus every citizen is sharing bit power indirectly. And most importantly the opposition voices are respected and heard thus ensure their share of power. Beside shared respect and shared power, some conditions of democracy are agreed upon by different political science students’ i. e: Economic balance and Enlightenment. Aristotle believed that the middle income men contribute more to the society thus providing economic balance. Enlightenment is freedom of getting information which is done my public education, books, magazines and most importantly free media. For shared respect, shared power, economic balance and for enlightenment different other systems are put forward in-order to have proper working democratic system which grows and amend itself. I will try to put forward some common and rather most important factors for working democracy. Constitution is the most sacred document in any democratic country. The set of rules put forward by different group of society and agreed upon by the selective representative of society is very important for any successful democratic system. But constitutional history of Pakistan as we all know is very dark and dramatic. For 9 years since the creation of Pakistan we had no constitution, once we had it was brutally raped by dictators. And even last 1973 constitution has been disrespectfully treated by making 19 amendments to it and unfortunately mostly done by democratically elected men. Judiciary should be independent, free from any outside interference. It’s no news for us that how judiciary has been treated. Social Justice is ensured by the judicial system and how it can ensured until unless judiciary is having trouble of its own. Social Security is vital important in any democratic country and is ensured by the security forces or police. Unfortunately in Pakistan the political parties have been assigned different quota to hire its own policemen in-order to confirm the power which totally violates the fundamental concept of democracy. Education system ensures the enlightenment condition of any democratic system. Citizens should be well-aware of laws, constitution and their right. The educational institution should also work as political institution where future leaders or political activist should be created. Student politics should be legal and well governed by the institution itself, otherwise the Family politics will never in country like Pakistan. Election Commission should independent of any political influence and is responsible for free and fare election. The voters list should be error free and encourage its citizen to take part in electoral system. Not only education system, election commission should also be involved in educating the citizens and realising them the importance of voting to decide their future. Last but not least the Accountability. Umer bin Abdulaziz, who was caliph of Ummayid Dynasty and was famously called the fifth caliph once said, â€Å"Rulers usually appoint people to watch over their subjects. I appoint you a watcher over me and my behaviour. If you find me at fault in word or action guide me and stop me from doing it†. The accountability or the check and balance have vital importance in democratic system. This rules out the might of majority and ensures that democracy should not be considered as number game. NAB (National Accountability Bureau) of Pakistan is supposed to responsible for that but unfortunately this institution has never been given its deserved power and been played in hands of politicians. Democracy or democratic system is not heavenly devised system; it is system of government of the people, by the people, for the people; which can have loopholes and can be played with, but proper democratic system grows with time differently from nation to nation. We Pakistanis as independent nation living in independent and sovereign country can, shall and will produce such a democratic system with justice for its citizen, rights of the people, accountability of empowered, education to its youth and proper economic system. No wonder Pakistan can become the country which Allama Muhammad Iqbal wished for.

Money for Some Art essays

Money for Some Art essays When looking at the question, should the government give financial support to the arts? You have to think about what type of art should the government get involved with and if they should even spend the money on art. If the government was to give financial support to the arts it should be for things that are government affiliated, such as schools, parks, and memorials. Art in schools allows students to expand there horizons and find things that they are good at, whether it be painting, building, computer graphics, or drawing. As for parks, art gives parks a certain flavor and it gives people reasons to go to parks because they want to look at the artwork that is placed there. Memorials, like the Vietnam War memorial or the Pearl Harbor memorial are thing that the government should give financial support to because of the importance of United States history. However the government gives money to so many things already that money for art projects can almost seem worthless when compared to the numerous dollars that the government spends already. Things like the war on drugs, the war on terrorism, NASA, and medical science. Though art is important in its own right it takes a back seat to programs that are in place to save lives. Overall the government should give financial support to some government-affiliated places. Art is an important part of society but the money given to these art programs should be kept within reason. ...

Science and Atheism

Science and Atheism Science by definition is the intellectual, practical, and the systematic study of the composition and functioning of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.   Atheism, a word derived from the combination of the Greek ÃŽ ± or â€Å"not† and theos or â€Å"god† is commonly perceived as the belief that there is no God. Since science, as exemplified in the above definition operates in a framework of uncompromising naturalism and function as if our world has no connection with any supernatural being, it is often viewed atheistic. Although science and religion, according to literature are practices embodied in powerful social institutions and achieving peaceful coexistence, their boundaries, and social positions are well-defined. For one thing, science has a life of its own and regardless of its godly origins, it can function without theistic foundation. However, regardless of extreme naturalism and its very broad description of the world, science does not tolerate any atheistic morality and can function without atheism. Similar to theism that makes sense only to those who support the claim there is a God, atheism can only prosper in a society with different moral ideals such as Enlightenment humanism, communism, libertarianism, and others thus can also come into tension with science.   Atheism according to the literature is not just a claim that we live in a godless world. An atheist during the 18th century takes the world as given and rejects the claim that God is necessary to explain the existence of the world. Another form of atheism asserts that belief in God and in the afterlife undermines the value of human life on earth.   Similar to Marx and Lenin’s atheism, there is an atheistic world-view and ethics that people must become gods to be worthy of living in a godless world. Scientific Atheism Scientists in the 16th and 17th centuries, according to the literature were in a way self-consciously taken religion out of the discourse for the sake of modern science.   However, this was not at the done metaphysical level, but deliberately at the methodological level where religion and science do not mix. For instance, since good science involves dealing with problems until a solution is found, reaching out for God’s intervention whenever you encounter a problem is simply not science. Aside from the fact that most renowned scientists such as Galileo, Descartes, Boyle, Newton, and others were all religious, their atheistic attitude toward God was mere â€Å"scientific atheism† or recognition of the reality that Adam and Eve, Noah’s Flood, Jonah and the whale, and other religious claims   are no longer acceptable in modern science.   A survey of top-rank British scientist suggests that most respondents who came from physical sciences believed in God. Similarly, a study conducted in 1996 found that most members of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences do believe in God. Dissertation Writing Service Science and religion are two conflicting aspects of social life. As science attempt discover facts about the world through observation and reasoning, religion has a creed and code of personal morals that are directly in conflict with science.   For instance, a creed is often the intellectual source of dispute between religion and science due to assertions, dogma, and philosophical doctrines that science can easily disprove.

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question Essay

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question - Essay Example The ABC model enables business organizations to adequately approximate the cost elements applicable to the products, activities and services. The cost elements enables business organizations make appropriate decisions. One decision entails identifying products and services that are loss generating or less profitable. The second decision entails removing the service and product which are ineffective, and ensure processing approach which results in better yielding products and services. ABC analyses the product and consumer expenses and also profitability, according to the production and the performing processes. Thus, ABC has the applied in supporting strategic business aspects like; pricing, outsourcing, and also the process improvement approaches (Hartgraves & Morse, 2015). ABC illustrates; fixed costs, variable costs, and overhead costs. The cost split illustrates the cost drivers. For example, in operating machines, the main cost driver is the machine operating driver. This is because the machine operating hours greatly influences the labor, power and also machine maintenance costs. ABC is effectively used in routine business processes. ABC ensures allocation of adequate resources to the profitable products and activities, resulting to enhanced profitability levels. ABC also ensures the removal of unnecessary costs, and this improves the revenues generation levels of the business organization (Hartgraves & Morse,

Compare Job and Gilgamesh as suffering heroes, as they search for Essay

Compare Job and Gilgamesh as suffering heroes, as they search for understanding, and come to accept the limits of their human co - Essay Example The Book of Job and the Epic of Gilgamesh were set around the 13th century before Christ, and both stories were placed in the region of ancient Mesopotamia. Both stories have a great deal of religious themes, although the Epic of Gilgamesh leans more on the mythological side while the Book of Job maintains a more spiritual-religious tone and message. It should also be noted that there are differences with regards to the culture of the ancient Sumerians and the Israelites. The ancient Sumerians were very much a polytheistic culture that made a society and civilization that revolved around the worship of its many deities and mythical heroes. Gilgamesh, for example, is taken in high regard of worship by ancient Sumerians. On the other hand, Israelite or Hebrew culture was very monotheistic. The Hebrews believed that there is only one true God, in their language Yahweh or Jehovah, and He is the Lord of everything and His Will is supreme and good. Israelite society centers on this in the sense that they worship no other being or thing other than God Himself, and submit to completely to His Will. In understanding each story’s civilization and cultural background, it would be easier to understand the parallels between the two. The first contrast between the story of Gilgamesh and Job is who the characters are in the nature of their portrayal. According to ancient Sumerian mythological tradition, Gilgamesh is a semi-divine, or demi-god, of extraordinary strength and was also one of the great kings of Uruk. Gilgamesh could be described as a proud, powerful and confident in personality based on his character in the Epics written about him. Gilgamesh is also an adventurer as much as he was a king, and went into many arduous and sometimes dangerous exploits with his man-beast friend Enkidu. To say the least, Gilgamesh was every bit as warrior like as much and kingly. On the other hand, the Hebrew Job is in far contrast to Gilgamesh. Job is a complete human being wit h no supernatural powers. Although not a mighty king Job is considered to be a very wealthy man, with large livestock herds, and a large and healthy family by ancient Hebrew standards. Unlike the ancient Sumerians, the Israelites did not settle is fortified city-kingdoms and were nomadic in nature. Instead, the Israelites would establish nomadic communities on lands that were fertile enough to support the habitation of both people and livestock. Since Job had a healthy and growing number of both livestock and his family, he most certainly had even larger tracts of fertile land for him to support that kind of population. Job would spend most of his time with his family in agriculture and livestock raising, living a pastoral and peaceful life. Now, the reasons why both Job and Gilgamesh were given suffering also differ. In the case of Gilgamesh, it was more of divine retribution. The fact that the exploits of Gilgamesh and Enkidu affected the disposition of the Sumerian deities was of no small matter. It is as Ferguson noted that Gilgamesh is especially proud of his expedition with Enkidu to the cedar mountain in which he killed the guardian and chopped down the sacred cedar† (327). In the case of Job, suffering was brought unto him as a test of his faith to Yahweh and also a test of his character. Gilgamesh lost his closest friend